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Nakhchivani Hindushah, ibn Sanjar ibn Abdullah as-Sahibi
al-Jirani an-Nakhchivani (1245, Giran – 1328) – a historian,
linguist scientist, philosopher, writer, translator, poet,
secretary and statesman. He studied at religious school
Mustansariyya in Baghdad. In 1275 Nakhchivani was a secretary of
his brother, the umpire of Kashan, Saydadovle Amir Mahmud and
later became a teacher at religious school Mustensariyya. In
1289 he copied “Jame ad-deqaiq fi kashf al-haqiq” by Najmaddin
Katib on logic for that school. At the end of the century he
worked in the system of finance, became umpire of several
provinces and famous as an outstanding statesman and got “Fakhr
ad-dovla” alias. He was close friend of Alaaddin Atamalik
Juveyn’s son and as a sing of Nakhchivani’s respect to Juveyni
he gave “Sahibi” to Juveyn. Nakhchivani had excellent command of
Turkish, Arabian, Farsi and Pahlavi (middle Farsi) languages. He
always attracted attention with his deep knowledge, sagacity and
literary talent. He was occupied with the sciences of
philosophy, astrology, mathematics etc. and made a lot of
translations. As his present Sadi Shirazi he created the best
examples of pure and nice prose in Farsi language. Nakhchivani’s
some works survived till the present time. his anthology
“Mavarid al-arab”, written in Arabic, was completed in Tabriz in
1307. His other work “Tacarub as-salaf” (“The Experiences of
ancestors”), which is about the lives, times and the duties of
Arabian caliphs and the history of Amavis, Abbasis and Saljugs,
was completed in 1324 and devoted to Grand Lur king Nusrataddin
Ahmed bin Yusif (1295-1330).
“Tajarub as-salaf” is known as a translation of
“Al-Fakhri” by Arabian scientists Ibn Tagtagi into Farsi
language. But along with the pure translation into Farsi
Nakhchivani removed its some parts, made his own additions,
improved the work and as a result made the work be 3 times
bigger that Arabian version. “Tajarub as-salaf”, which is
regarded to be the most perfect work on this subject contains
information about not only the generation of the author,
himself, Shamsaddin Juveyni and other outstanding figures but
also about Nakhchivan. The author mentions that Giran belongs to
Nakhchivan and Vanand village to Giran and states that
Shamsaddin Juveyni (1225-83) built a cloister for dervishes in
Vanand and presented him as a property. Nakhchivani’s longing
for Nakhchivan shows one more time that he is from there. He
asks power and health from the God and to go back to Neshava
(Nakhchivan). Nakhchivani’s “Sihah ul-ajam” is a
Farsi-Azerbaijani dictionary. The dictionary consists of 21
parts, 393 chapters and 3 main parts – introduction (Arabic
language), dictionary and grammar of Farsi language (Arabic
language). With the comparison of this dictionary with other
this kind of dictionaries we can say that this book contains
most Farsi words and 10000 their equivalents in Azerbaijan
language. The work is a very valuable source to the lexica and
grammar of Azerbaijan and Farsi languages during XII and XIV
centuries.
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