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Huseyn Javid
(Huseyn Razizadeh abdulla, 24.10.1882, Nakhchivan city –
5.12.1941, Russia, Irkutsk Province) – a poet, dramatist. He
was born in the family of educated and famous religious person
Abdulla Razizadeh. He got first education at religious school in
Nakhchivan and later at new-methodic school of M.T.Sidqi named
“Tarbiye” (1894-98). He wrote his first classic poems here with
the signatures of “Gulchin” and “Salik”. During 1899-1903 he was
in Southern Azerbaijan and continued his education at Talibiyya
religious school in Tabriz. He graduated from the faculty of
Literature of Istanbul University (1909) and began to work as a
teacher in Nakhchivan, Ganja, Tbilisi and in Baku since 1915.
Javid is one of the craftsmen who developed the best traditions
of Classic Literature of Azerbaijan. He was one of the founders
of romanticism and modern Azerbaijan literature.
Javid’s profession is rich with art type, genre and form. He is
the author of lyric poems, lyric-epic poems, the first tragedy
written in verse and drams in Azerbaijan literature. His first
book of poems “Old days” was published in 1913.
Javid mainly was popular as a dramatist. He reflected the
global, serious social-economic and cultural problems of that
time in his dramaturgy. He shows in his “Ana” (“Mother”) (1910)
play, written in verse, he mentions that the qualities like
nobility, devotion and manhood are only in simple people. In
“Maral” (1912) tragedy he raises the question of personality and
a woman freedom and criticizes the reactionary moral views in
family relations. In “Sheikh Sanan” (1914), the first tragedy in
verse in Azerbaijan literature, you can see the rebellious
protest spirit against the religious and national fanaticism of
nations. Javid gradually came to the idea of “Justice is not
given, it should be obtained”. This idea is obviously reflected
in “Sheyda” dram (1917) and “You can get your rights after
struggling for them” poem (1918). In “Sheyda” Javid shows not
only the contradictions in the ideas and spirits but also the
real social contradictions and called “poor people”, “horny
hands” to struggle against exploiters. In “Iblis” (“Evil”)
(1918), tragedy which plays great role in Javid’s creative
activity, he summarized the all reactionary forces of that time
– the supporters of “a human is wolf for a human” ideology, the
imperialist groups who are “the cultured savages of the XX
century” and cursed the invasions. Furthermore, Javid, who was
loyal to his esthetic ideas, wrote several works answering to
the questions of his period during 20-30th. “Azer”
epos (1920-1937) plays an important role among them. In 1926
Javid went to Germany for the medical treatment and lived in
Berlin for a while. He came back to the motherland with a lot of
political-lyric and lyric-epic poems reflecting the
social-spiritual contradictions of the West. In “Nil yavrusu”
(“Nil’s baby”) he criticized the colonial tyranny with anger and
disgust. During 1920-30 Javid wrote a lot of historical drams.
The historical drams “Siyavush” (1933) and “Khayyam” (1935),
which he wrote after “Peygember” (“Prophet”) (1922) and “Topal
Teymur” (“Lame Teymur”) (1925), brought a fundamental change to
Javid’s views on the history and historical figures.
Huseyn Javid’s 100 and 110 years anniversary ceremonies were
tremendously celebrated. His memorial houses were created in
Nakhchivan and Baku and a bas-relief memorial board was set up
on the building he lived in Baku. With Haydar Aliyev’s
initiative his corpse was brought from Irkutsk province to
Nakhchivan and was buried there near his memorial house. And
again with Haydar Aliyev’s initiative a grandiose tomb was
constructed on his grave (1996). In 1982 “Huseyn Javid poetry
theatre” was opened in Nakhchivan. There are a lot of streets;
gardens, schools, libraries, cinemas and other academic
institutions in Baku, Nakhchivan and other regions of Azerbaijan
were named after him. His majestic monument has been erected in
Baku |
