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Nasraddin Tusi covered all the issues of the natural sciences to
physics. It covers simple and compound substances, the reasons
of the phenomena in the earth and the sky, like thunder,
lightening, rain, snow, earthquake and such events, compound
matters and the characteristics of their contents (mineralogy),
plants and their species, passion and its power (botany),
substances moving arbitrarily and volitionally and their
notional characteristics, passion and its power (zoology) and
the characteristics of the purposeful passion of a human
(psychology). Nasraddin Tusi considered medicine, cropping
science a separate division of the physics. The inventories and
discoveries of Nasraddin Tusi and the scientists in Maghara
observatory enriched the scientific idea of the world. In the
sources it is mentioned that for his unique abilities, deep
talent and unexampled duties, he was called “Eleventh intellect”
(“Al-aql al hadi ashar” – the Eastern peripatetism believed the
existence of ten types of intellect) and “Master of the world”
(“Ustad al-bashar”).
His 780 years anniversary was ceremonially celebrated on 1981,
a medal on behalf of his name was declared, his monuments were
erected and his portrait was made. His name was given to a lot
of scientific, educational and cultural institutions, as well as
the Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory of the National
Scientific Academy of Azerbaijan and streets. With the decision
of UNESCO his 800 years anniversary was celebrated
internationally. For this purpose, the jubilee commission was
created on the basis of the President of Azerbaijani Republic
Haydar Aliyev’s decree “About Nasraddin Tusi’s 800 years
anniversary”, dated on the 13th of June in 2000
In his “Shaklul-qita” (“Treaties about the perfect four-side”)
about the plane and spherical trigonometry, he explains the main
theorems and formulas of Menelay theorem and modern trigonometry
and determined the sides of spherical triangular according to
the three angles and gave dialectic definition to the concept of
discrete and uninterrupted quantities. With this work the plane
and spherical trigonometry became a separate subject. The work
was published in Istanbul in Arabic and French languages in
1891. In “Celaul hesab” (“Counting with wood and sand”) the
rules of the extraction of root from any positive number and the
factors of the binomial limits up to 12 grades extent are
explained. His “Tahrir-al-Majasti”, the updated version of
“Almagest” by old Greek scientist K.Ptolemy, is about the
Ptolemy’s motion theory of the planets in the geocentric system
and its correction. Nasraddin Tusi mentioned in his work about
calculation, the action of the extraction of root from any
degree of whole number, explained it as an example of the root
(for the first time in the history of mathematics) and indicated
the binomial factors making number triangular and objective laws
between them.
The unity of a substance and shape, types
of motion according to quality, quantity, place and position
time and other philosophical categories were comprehensively and
deeply lightened in the philosopher’s reality doctrine. In his
“Solutions of problems” treaties Nasraddin Tusi refuted
scholastic Fakhraddin Razi’s (1148-1210) tendentious views about
Ibn Sina and justified the peripatetic philosopher. In Nasraddin
Tusi’s theory of knowledge the scientifically explanation of the
feeling and mental issues of the cognitive process and the
cognition of external features though feelings and their essence
through intellect were described. The philosopher’s thinking
forms and their types in his logic doctrine are specially
investigated. |
